CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Cao Pi曹丕
Eldest son of Cao Cao, accompanied the army into Jizhou.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 52
- RELATION RECORDS
- 73
- SOURCE WORKS
- 9
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Cao Pi, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01MENTORSHIPMentorship
Teachers, disciples and transmission
1 figure · 2 records＋
Mentorship
Teachers, disciples and transmission
Jia Xu→Cao Pioffer strategy
02KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
3 figures · 3 records＋
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Cao CaoisCao Pi’s father
Cao PiisCao Rui’s father
Cao Pi—Cao Zhibrothers
03ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
19 figures · 28 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Cao PiisSima Yi’s ruler
Cao Pi→Sun Quanconfer title
Cao Pi→Cao Zhenappoint
Cao Pi→Hua Xinconfer title
04CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
6 figures · 7 records＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Liu Bei→Cao Piattack
Sun Quan—Cao Pihostile
Cao Pi→Emperor Xian of Hanforce abdication
Cao Pi—Liu Shanhostile
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Three Kingdoms · Old Book of Tang
Founding emperor of Cao Wei, enfeoffed Sun Quan as King of Wu. ; Emperor Wen of Wei, usurped Han and proclaimed himself emperor. ; Emperor Wen of Wei, crown prince of Emperor Wu, received the abdication and became emperor.
In fiction · Romance of the Three Kingdoms · Records of Myriad Things · Book of the Later Han · Extensive Records of the Taiping Era · Researches into Lost Records · In Search of the Supernatural · New Book of Tang
Eldest son of Cao Cao, accompanied the army into Jizhou. ; Son of Cao Cao, later Emperor Wen of Wei, took Lady Zhen. ; Son of Cao Cao, stayed in Ye commandery with Cao Zhi to build a terrace.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend1 profile notes
Records of Myriad Things
0 relations0 verified quotations - Official history5 profile notes
Book of the Later Han
2 relations3 verified quotations- Cao Cao→ father-son →Cao Pi
- Emperor Xian of Han→ abdicate →Cao Pi
Verified original text · 3
子丕袭位
father-son · Book of the Later Han, 孝献帝纪
操子丕私纳袁熙妻甄氏
father-son · Book of the Later Han, 郑孔荀列传
1 more verified quotation in the relationship records below.
- Official history3 profile notes
Old Book of Tang
1 relations0 verified quotations- Cao Cao→ father-son →Cao Pi
- Literature / legend17 profile notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
23 relations30 verified quotations- Cao Cao→ father-son →Cao Pi
- Liu Bei→ attack →Cao Pi
- Cao Pi→ predict defeat →Liu Bei
- Cao Pi→ confer title →Sun Quan
Verified original text · 30
却说操长子曹丕，字子桓，时年十八岁。
father-son · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 32
吾乃曹丞相之子也。
father-son · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 33
28 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history47 profile notes
Records of the Three Kingdoms
31 relations34 verified quotations- Cao Cao→ father-son →Cao Pi
- Sun Quan→ submit →Cao Pi
- Sun Quan→ hostile →Cao Pi
- Cao Pi→ confer title →Sun Quan
Verified original text · 34
文帝即王位
father-son · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·任城陈萧王传
权使命称藩
submit · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·吴主传
32 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Literature / legend1 profile notes
Researches into Lost Records
0 relations0 verified quotations - Literature / legend1 profile notes
In Search of the Supernatural
0 relations0 verified quotations - Literature / legend7 profile notes
Extensive Records of the Taiping Era
2 relations2 verified quotations- Cao Pi→ brothers →Cao Zhi
- Cao Pi→ enfeoff king →Cao Zhi
Verified original text · 2
魏文帝尝与陈思王植同辇出游
brothers · Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 俊辩一
诏令赋死牛诗
命令赋诗 · Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 俊辩一
- Official history6 profile notes
New Book of Tang
0 relations0 verified quotations
History vs. fiction
In official history, he is Emperor Wen of Wei, a literary figure and statesman; in fiction, he is portrayed as a narrow-minded villain who oppresses his own brother.
- based on factForced Cao Zhi to compose a poem in seven steps
The "Anecdotes of the World" (Shishuo Xinyu), in the chapter on Literature, records the seven-step poem; however, the "Records of the Three Kingdoms" (Sanguozhi), in the Wei Book, does not record it, and scholars mostly believe it was a later work attached to Cao Pi's coercion. (Original text: 「煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣。」——Source: data/raw/sanguo-yanyi/Chapter 079.txt)
The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Annals of Emperor Wen records that Cao Pi accepted the abdication of Emperor Xian of Han in 220 AD, changed the reign title to Huangchu, and established the Cao Wei regime. (Original text: 「三月，定历改年为孟夏四月。〈《魏书》曰：初，文皇帝即位，以受禅于汉，因循汉正朔弗改。帝在东宫著论，以为五帝三王虽同气共祖，礼不相袭，正朔自宜改变，以明受命之运。」——Source: data/raw/sanguozhi/魏书·明帝纪.txt)
Relationship network
To keep this page fast, the 40 most important records are shown here.View all 73 relationships in the atlas →
- father-son← Cao Cao → Cao Pihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·任城陈萧王传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·武帝纪Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·武文世王公传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·程郭董刘蒋刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 32Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 33Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 68Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 78Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 79Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 80Book of the Later Han, 孝献帝纪Book of the Later Han, 郑孔荀列传Old Book of Tang, 礼仪志一Old Book of Tang, 礼仪志六
Original text (8)
子丕袭位
操子丕私纳袁熙妻甄氏
却说操长子曹丕，字子桓，时年十八岁。
吾乃曹丞相之子也。
留曹植与曹丕在邺郡造台
遂立长子曹丕为王世子。
Original relation: 立世子 · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 68
惟长子曹丕，笃厚恭谨，可继我业
文帝即王位
Original text (1)
今曹丕篡汉，神人共怒
Original text (1)
玄德必败于东吴陆逊之手
- submit← Sun Quan → Cao PihistRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·吴主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·锺繇华歆王朗传
Original text (2)
Original text (1)
- confer titleCao Pi → Sun Quanhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 82
Original text (1)
使太常邢贞持节拜权为大将军，封吴王
- ruler-subjectCao Pi → Sima Yihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 85Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 86Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 99
Original text (4)
丕大喜，遂问计于懿
Original relation: ask plan · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 85
封司马懿为尚书仆射，留在许昌
Original relation: 封为尚书仆射 · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 86
丕唤曹叡至，指谓曹真等曰
Original relation: orphan entrust · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91
尚书仆射西乡侯司马懿为抚军大将军
Original text (1)
召中军大将军曹真、镇军大将军陈群、征东大将军曹休、抚军大将军司马宣王，并受遗诏辅嗣主
- father-sonCao Pi → Cao Ruihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·明帝纪Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·程郭董刘蒋刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91
Original text (3)
- enfeoff kingCao Pi → Cao Ruihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91
Original text (2)
于是遂封叡为平原王
封王子叡为武德侯
Original relation: confer title · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
Original text (1)
- receive abdication and become emperorCao Pi → Emperor Xian of Hanhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 80
Original text (3)
至期，献帝请魏王曹丕登台受禅。台下集大小官僚四百馀员，御林虎贲禁军三十馀万。帝亲捧玉玺奉曹丕。丕受之。
丕降旨封帝为山阳公，即日便行。
Original relation: 封山阳公 · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 80
汉帝以众望在魏，乃召群公卿士
Original relation: receive abdication · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
- abdicate← Emperor Xian of Han → Cao Pihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Book of the Later Han, 孝献帝纪
Original text (2)
皇帝逊位，魏王丕称天子
禅位于魏王
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
以前将军夏侯惇为大将军
Original text (1)
以车骑将军曹仁为大将军
- appointCao Pi → Cao ZhenlitRomance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 85Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 86Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 99
Original text (3)
命大将军曹真为大都督
令曹真为前部
Original relation: 任命前部 · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 86
丕唤曹叡至，指谓曹真等曰
Original relation: orphan entrust · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91
Original text (1)
召中军大将军曹真、镇军大将军陈群、征东大将军曹休、抚军大将军司马宣王，并受遗诏辅嗣主
Original text (1)
召中军大将军曹真、镇军大将军陈群、征东大将军曹休、抚军大将军司马宣王，并受遗诏辅嗣主
Original text (1)
即令许褚领虎卫军三千
- brothersCao Pi → Cao Zhihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·任城陈萧王传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 79Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 俊辩一
Original text (5)
- enfeoff kingCao Pi → Cao Zhihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·任城陈萧王传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 俊辩一
Original text (3)
三年，立为鄄城王，邑二千五百户。
立鄄城侯植为鄄城王
Original relation: confer title · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
诏令赋死牛诗
Original relation: 命令赋诗 · Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 俊辩一
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
- confer titleCao Pi → Meng Dahist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 79Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 85
Original text (3)
加孟达为散骑常侍
遣使至降将孟达处
Original relation: send envoy · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 85
蜀将孟达率众降
Original relation: recruit surrender · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
Original text (1)
- support enthronement← Hua Xin → Cao Pihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·锺繇华歆王朗传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 78
Original text (2)
吾已于汉帝处索得诏命在此
文帝受禅，歆登坛相仪
Original relation: receive abdication · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·锺繇华歆王朗传
- confer titleCao Pi → Hua Xinhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 79
Original text (2)
华歆为相国
御史大夫华歆为相国
Original relation: ruler-subject · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
- confer titleCao Pi → Wang Langhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 79
Original text (2)
王朗为御史大夫
大理王朗为御史大夫
Original relation: ruler-subject · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
- confer titleCao Pi → Jia Xuhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·荀彧荀攸贾诩传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 79
Original text (3)
封贾诩为太尉
以大中大夫贾诩为太尉
Original relation: ruler-subject · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
文帝即位，以诩为太尉
Original relation: appoint · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·荀彧荀攸贾诩传
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
乃问计于中大夫贾诩。
Original text (1)
- orphan entrustCao Pi → Chen Qunhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·桓二陈徐卫卢传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91
Original text (3)
丕唤曹叡至，指谓曹真等曰
以尚书令颍乡侯陈群为镇军大将军
Original relation: ruler-subject · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
封群昌武亭侯
Original relation: 封昌武亭侯 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·桓二陈徐卫卢传
- remonstrate← Chen Qun → Cao PihistRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·后妃传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
Original text (2)
尚书陈群奏曰
召中军大将军曹真、镇军大将军陈群、征东大将军曹休、抚军大将军司马宣王，并受遗诏辅嗣主
Original relation: assist governance · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪
- appoint generalCao Pi → Huang Quanhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·黄李吕马王张传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 85
Original text (3)
遂拜黄权为镇南将军
拜为镇南将军
蜀大将黄权率众降
Original relation: recruit surrender · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·文帝纪