CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Duke Mu of Qin秦穆公
Ruler of the state of Qin, sought marriage alliance with Jin.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 19
- RELATION RECORDS
- 37
- SOURCE WORKS
- 6
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Duke Mu of Qin, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
3 figures · 4 records+
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Duke Mu of Qin—Mu Jispouse
Duke Mu of Qin—Duke Wen of Jinnephew-uncle
Gongzi Zhi—Duke Mu of Qinson
02ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
11 figures · 17 records+
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Duke Mu of Qin→Duke Wen of Jintreat generously
Duke Mu of QinisGongsun Zhi’s ruler
Duke Mu of Qin→Baili Xiredeem employ
03CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
9 figures · 12 records+
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Duke Mu of Qin→Duke Hui of Jincapture
Duke Wen of Jin→Duke Mu of Qinanger at betrayal
King Cheng of Chu→Duke Mu of Qinseek peace
04THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
3 figures · 4 records+
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Duke Mu of Qin→Duke Wen of Jinescort
Duke Mu of Qin→Yiwuescort
Duke Mu of Qin→Duke Hui of Jinrelease
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Grand Historian
Monarch of Qin, helped Yiwu return to Jin. ; Ruler of Qin, one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period. ; Ruler of Qin, once aided Duke Hui of Jin.
In fiction · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms · Discourses of the States · Strategies of the Warring States · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition · Bamboo Annals
Ruler of Qin, sought marriage alliance with Jin. ; Ruler of Qin, redeemed Baili Xi with five sheepskins. ; Monarch of Qin, eager for talents, employed Baili Xi, Jian Shu, etc., later dreamed of a goddess and achieved hegemony.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend27 profile notes
Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms
24 relations38 verified quotations- Duke Wen of Jin→ anger at betrayal →Duke Mu of Qin
- Duke Mu of Qin→ treat generously →Duke Wen of Jin
- Duke Mu of Qin→ escort →Duke Wen of Jin
- Duke Wen of Jin→ thank →Duke Mu of Qin
Verified original text · 38
文公大怒
anger at betrayal · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43
秦穆公闻重耳来信,喜形于色,郊迎授馆,礼数极丰。
treat generously · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 35
36 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history5 profile notes
Discourses of the States
5 relations6 verified quotations- Duke Mu of Qin→ treat generously →Duke Wen of Jin
- Duke Mu of Qin→ capture →Duke Hui of Jin
- Gongsun Zhi→ recommend worthy →Duke Mu of Qin
- Duke Mu of Qin→ dispatch →Gongzi Zhi
Verified original text · 6
秦乃召重耳于楚而纳之
welcome and install · Discourses of the States, 晋语三
战于韩原,获晋侯以归
capture · Discourses of the States, 周语上
4 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history7 profile notes
Records of the Grand Historian
1 relations1 verified quotations- Duke Mu of Qin→ escort →Yiwu
Verified original text · 1
秦缪公乃发兵送夷吾于晋。
escort · Records of the Grand Historian, 晋世家
- Official history1 profile notes
Strategies of the Warring States
0 relations0 verified quotations - Official history1 profile notes
Bamboo Annals
4 relations2 verified quotations- Duke Mu of Qin→ escort →Duke Wen of Jin
- Duke Mu of Qin→ capture →Duke Hui of Jin
- Xian Zhen→ confront →Duke Mu of Qin
- Hu Mao→ confront →Duke Mu of Qin
Verified original text · 2
秦穆公帅师送公子重耳
送 · Bamboo Annals, 今本-晋纪
秦穆公渉河伐晋。
capture · Bamboo Annals, 古本辑校
- Official history10 profile notes
Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition
18 relations20 verified quotations- Duke Wen of Jin→ anger at betrayal →Duke Mu of Qin
- Duke Wen of Jin→ thank →Duke Mu of Qin
- Duke Mu of Qin→ have conflict →Duke Wen of Jin
- Duke Wen of Jin→ accepted →Duke Mu of Qin
Verified original text · 20
三月,晋侯潜会秦伯于王城。
meet alliance · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 14
我文公帅诸侯及秦围郑
围郑 · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27
18 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
Duke Mu of Qin exchanged five sheepskins for Baili Xi
The Records of the Grand Historian, 'Annals of Qin', clearly records: 'Duke Mu heard that Baili Xi was worthy... then sent a messenger to say to Chu: 'My attendant Baili Xi is here, please allow me to ransom him with five black ram skins.' The people of Chu then agreed and gave him up.' The matter of the 'Five-Ram-Skin Minister' is indeed historical fact.
Relationship network
- anger at betrayal← Duke Wen of Jin → Duke Mu of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 14Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 32
Original text (4)
文公大怒
三月,晋侯潜会秦伯于王城。
Original relation: meet alliance · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 14
我文公帅诸侯及秦围郑
Original relation: 围郑 · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27
昔文公与秦伐郑
Original relation: 联合伐郑 · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 32
- treat generouslyDuke Mu of Qin → Duke Wen of JinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 35Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 36Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43Discourses of the States, 晋语三
Original text (4)
秦穆公闻重耳来信,喜形于色,郊迎授馆,礼数极丰。
新君入国,与寡君原有割地之约
Original relation: alliance · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 36
秦穆公临别,与晋文公相约……异日若有军旅之事,秦兵出,晋必助之
Original relation: ally · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43
秦乃召重耳于楚而纳之
Original relation: welcome and install · Discourses of the States, 晋语三
- escortDuke Mu of Qin → Duke Wen of JinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 35Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 36Bamboo Annals, 今本-晋纪Bamboo Annals, 古本辑校
Original text (3)
遣公孙枝聘于楚王,因迎重耳至秦
Original relation: welcome accept · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 35
穆公自统谋臣百里奚繇余,大将公子絷公孙枝,先锋丕豹等,率兵车四百乘,送公子重耳离了雍州城
秦穆公帅师送公子重耳
Original relation: 送 · Bamboo Annals, 今本-晋纪
- thank← Duke Wen of Jin → Duke Mu of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 37Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27
Original text (2)
向秦穆公再拜称谢
朝诸秦
Original relation: audience · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27
- have conflictDuke Mu of Qin → Duke Wen of JinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 44Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27
Original text (2)
自是秦晋有隙。
秦大夫不询于我寡君,擅及郑盟
Original relation: swear alliance · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27
Original text (1)
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Original text (1)
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- want to enfeoff← King Xiang of Zhou → Duke Mu of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 46
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
秦兵营于氾南,在郑城之东
- captureDuke Mu of Qin → Duke Hui of JinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 29Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30Discourses of the States, 周语上Discourses of the States, 晋语三Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 13Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 27Bamboo Annals, 古本辑校
Original text (8)
各率师伐戎以救周
Original relation: attack · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 29
穆公大怒曰……人之无道,乃至出于意料若此!寡人将先破梁,而后伐晋
Original relation: 伐晋 · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30
穆公使公孙枝率车百乘,押送晋君至秦。
战于韩原,获晋侯以归
秦始知河东之政
Original relation: captive · Discourses of the States, 晋语三
秦穆公渉河伐晋。
获晋侯,以厚归也
必归晋君
Original relation: release · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 13
- break promise← Duke Hui of Jin → Duke Mu of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 31Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43
Original text (2)
惠公自九月战败,囚于秦
Original relation: captured · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 31
晋惠公曾以河外五城许君,既入而旋背之
Original relation: break promise · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43
Original text (1)
穆公不忘旧德,俾我惠公用能奉祀于晋
Original text (1)
遣公孙枝引兵同吕省护送晋侯归国
Original text (1)
- escortDuke Mu of Qin → Yiwuhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 晋世家Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 12
Original text (2)
秦缪公乃发兵送夷吾于晋。
齐隰朋帅师会秦师,纳晋惠公
Original relation: accept · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 12
Original text (1)
- redeem employDuke Mu of Qin → Baili XilitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 25Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 26Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 44Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45
Original text (3)
请以五羊皮赎归
乃封蹇叔为右庶长,百里奚为左庶长
Original relation: ruler-subject · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 26
孤自不听蹇叔百里奚之言
Original relation: accept advice · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45
- strategist← Baili Xi → Duke Mu of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 38Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43
Original text (2)
蹇叔百里奚皆曰
百里奚进曰:“烛武辩士,欲离吾两国之好,君不可听之!”
Original relation: remonstrate · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 43
Original text (1)
- ruler-subjectDuke Mu of Qin → Gongsun ZhilitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 25Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 28Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 47
Original text (5)
穆公使为大夫
Original relation: appoint · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 25
乃使公孙枝出车三百乘
穆公集群臣议曰
以繇余公孙枝为左右庶长
Original relation: appoint · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45
使公孙枝如周谢恩
- ruler-subjectDuke Mu of Qin → Jian ShulitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 26Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 44Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
Original text (3)
乃封蹇叔为右庶长,百里奚为左庶长
孤自不听蹇叔百里奚之言
Original relation: accept advice · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45
穆公访诸蹇叔
Original relation: visit · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
- recommend worthy← Gongsun Zhi → Duke Mu of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 25Discourses of the States, 晋语三
Original text (2)
公孙枝对曰
公孙枝曰:“不若以归,以要晋国之成
Original relation: offer plan · Discourses of the States, 晋语三
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
- dispatchDuke Mu of Qin → Gongzi ZhilitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 25Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 28Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 40Discourses of the States, 晋语二
Original text (5)
使大夫公子絷求婚于晋
乃使公子絷先吊重耳
Original relation: ruler-subject · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 28
穆公集群臣议曰
Original relation: ruler-subject · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30
秦穆公亦遣公子絷为使
乃使公子絷吊公子重耳于狄
- releaseDuke Mu of Qin → Meng MinglitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 45Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 47Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 17
Original text (4)
复用三帅主兵
以孟明为右庶长
Original relation: ruler-subject · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 47
召孟明、西乞、白乙
Original relation: summon · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
遂霸西戎,用孟明也
Original relation: employ · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 17
- return from mission← Gongzi Zhi → Duke Mu of QinlitDiscourses of the States, 晋语二Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 14
Original text (2)
公子絷反,致命穆公。
秦伯使公子絷如晋师
Original relation: subordinate · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 14
Original text (1)
- appoint deputyDuke Mu of Qin → Bai YibinglitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 44Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
Original text (1)
召孟明、西乞、白乙
Original relation: summon · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
- spouseDuke Mu of Qin → Mu JilitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 28Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30
Original text (2)
秦穆公夫人,乃晋世子申生之娣,是为穆姬
穆姬方才回宫
Original text (1)