Later depiction of Lü Bu
Later depiction of Lü BuA transmitted or later depiction, not presented as a contemporary documentary portraitWikimedia Commons contributorsSource·Public domain

CIVILIZATION DOSSIER

Lu Bu吕布

Archaic / OtherHistory × Fiction

Adopted son of Ding Yuan, later killed Ding Yuan and defected to Dong Zhuo, becoming his adopted son.

DIRECT FIGURES
39
RELATION RECORDS
91
SOURCE WORKS
3

RELATIONSHIP COMPASS

Lu Bu, and the people around them.

Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.

01
KINSHIP

Kinship

Blood, marriage and sworn bonds

3 figures · 6 records
02
ALLEGIANCE

Allegiance

Rulers, appointments and allegiance

7 figures · 10 records
4 more in the complete record
03
CONFLICT

Conflict

Battles, captures and defeat

14 figures · 20 records
11 more in the complete record
04
THE UNSEEN

Mythic acts

Transformation, aid and divine punishment

3 figures · 4 records

12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.

FeatureFact vs Fiction in the Three Kingdoms: Records of the Three Kingdoms vs. Romance of the Three KingdomsThe 14th-century novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms shaped the iconic figures of the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 AD), yet literary embellishment departs significantly from historical reality. Author Luo Guanzhong drew upon Chen Shou's 3rd-century Records of the Three Kingdoms and Pei Songzhi's historical commentary, while blending folklore and folk theater into a sweeping artistic reimagining. Many beloved scenes and character portrayals do not reflect historical fact. Grounded in primary historical texts, this article compares official records with romanticized fiction to untangle the narrative framing behind the exalting of Liu Bei and depreciating of Cao Cao, uncovering the true historical identities of figures like Guan Yu, Zhou Yu, and Lu Su.

In history · Records of the Three Kingdoms

A warlord, destroyed by Cao Cao.

In fiction · Romance of the Three Kingdoms · Book of the Later Han

Adopted son of Ding Yuan, later killed Ding Yuan and defected to Dong Zhuo, becoming his adopted son.; Adopted son of Dong Zhuo, guarding him.; Adopted son of Dong Zhuo, unmatched in bravery.

Across source works

How this figure changes across texts

Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.

  1. Official history

    Book of the Later Han

    12 profile notes
    16 relations23 verified quotations
    • Cao CaodefeatLu Bu
    • Lu BubattleCao Cao
    • Lu BubattleLiu Bei
    • Lu Buflee toLiu Bei
    Verified original text · 23
    1. 布及宫、顺皆缢杀之,传首许市。

      strangle · Book of the Later Han, 刘焉袁术吕布列传

    2. 曹操击吕布于徐州,斩之

      slay · Book of the Later Han, 孝献帝纪

    21 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.

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  2. 18 profile notes
    23 relations45 verified quotations
    • Cao CaodefeatLu Bu
    • Lu BubattleCao Cao
    • Cao Caoconfer titleLu Bu
    • Lu BubattleLiu Bei
    Verified original text · 45
    1. 操指吕布而言曰:“吾与汝自来无仇,何得夺吾州郡?”

      battle · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 11

    2. 曹操正慌走间,正南上一彪军到,乃夏侯惇引军来救援,截住吕布大战。

      battle · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 12

    43 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.

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  3. 23 profile notes
    27 relations36 verified quotations
    • Cao CaodefeatLu Bu
    • Lu BubattleCao Cao
    • Lu BubattleLiu Bei
    • Lu BubrothersLiu Bei
    Verified original text · 36
    1. 生禽布

      captured · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传

    2. 与布战于濮阳

      battle · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·吕布张邈臧洪传

    34 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.

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History vs. fiction

In official history, he is a mercenary and reckless warrior, but in the novel he is hailed as the greatest warrior of the Three Kingdoms.

  • The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Lü Bu records that Lü Bu set up a halberd at the camp gate and shot an arrow through the small branch of the halberd, successfully dissuading Ji Ling from attacking Liu Bei. (Original text: “布令门候于营门中举一只戟,布言:“诸君观布射戟小支,一发中者诸君当解去,不中可留决斗。”布举弓射戟,正中小支。诸将皆惊,言“将军天威也”!”——Source: data/raw/sanguozhi/魏书·吕布臧洪传.txt)

  • The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Lü Bu records that Lü Bu had an affair with Dong Zhuo's maidservant and, incited by Wang Yun, assassinated Dong Zhuo; but the character Diao Chan is a fictional invention of the novel. (Original text: 「布便弓马,膂力过人,号为飞将。稍迁至中郎将,封都亭侯。卓自以遇人无礼,恐人谋己,行止常以布自卫。然卓性刚而褊,忿不思难,尝小失意,拔手戟掷布。布拳捷避之,〈诗曰:“无拳无勇,职为乱阶。”注:“拳,力也。”〉为卓顾谢,卓意亦解。由是阴怨卓。卓常使布守中阁,布与卓侍婢私通,恐事发觉,心不自安。」——Source: data/raw/sanguozhi/魏书·吕布臧洪传.txt)

Relationship network

36 figures · 208 links
Lu BuLu BuCao CaoCao CaoLiu BeiLiu BeiYuan ShaoYuan ShaoDong ZhuoDong ZhuoYuan ShuYuan ShuEmperor Cheng of HanEmperor Cheng of HanZhang FeiZhang FeiXun YuXun YuZhang LiaoZhang LiaoSun JianSun JianXiahou DunGongsun ZanChen DengCheng YuZang BaGuo SiGuo JiaWang YunChen GongZhang MiaoYang FengHan XianGao ShunZang HongChen GuiSong XianZhang YanHao MengZhang YangWei XuJi LingYuan HuanHou ChengDing YuanLi Su
historyliteraturedual
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Sources: Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·周瑜鲁肃吕蒙传; Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 3; Book of the Later Han, 五行一貌不恭淫雨服妖鸡祸青眚屋自坏讹言旱谣狼食人; Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·孙破虏讨逆传; Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 4; Book of the Later Han, 刘焉袁术吕布列传; Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传; Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 5

This page was extracted from classical texts with AI assistance and revised; errors remain possible. Spotted a mistake? Tell us →

Compiled with AI assistance from public-domain texts; for cultural reference. Mythological accounts vary — corrections welcome.