CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Liu Zhang刘璋
Lord of Yi Province, regarded by Cao Cao as a fox and rabbit.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 20
- RELATION RECORDS
- 31
- SOURCE WORKS
- 2
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Liu Zhang, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
3 figures · 3 records+
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Liu Bei—Liu Zhangclan brother
Liu Yan—Liu Zhangfather-son
Liu Zhang—Wu Yiin-law
02ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
13 figures · 18 records+
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Liu Zhang→Liu Beially
Liu Zhang—Cao Caocolleague
Huang Quan→Liu Zhangadmonish against
Liu Zhang—Zhang Songsubordinate
03CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
7 figures · 9 records+
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Liu Bei→Liu Zhangcapture
Fa Zheng→Liu Zhangurge surrender
Liu Zhang→Zhang Luhave feud
Ma Chao→Liu Zhangplan with Shu
04THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
1 figure · 1 record+
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Zhuge Liang→Liu Zhangprophesy not lord
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Three Kingdoms
Governor of Yi Province, whose territory was taken by Liu Bei; later surrendered to Liu Bei.
In fiction · Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Lord of Yi Province, regarded by Cao Cao as a fox and rabbit. Governor of Yi Province, a member of the Han imperial clan, whom Zhuge Liang said was not a lord capable of establishing a enterprise. Governor of Yi Province, younger brother of Liu Bei, a member of the Han imperial clan.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend10 profile notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
12 relations16 verified quotations- Liu Zhang→ ally →Liu Bei
- Liu Bei→ clan brother →Liu Zhang
- Zhuge Liang→ prophesy not lord →Liu Zhang
- Liu Zhang→ have feud →Zhang Lu
Verified original text · 16
璋曰:“玄德是吾宗兄,安肯害吾?
ally · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 60
刘璋决计投降,厚待简雍;次日,亲赍印绶文籍,与简雍同车出城投降。
surrender · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 65
14 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history19 profile notes
Records of the Three Kingdoms
22 relations29 verified quotations- Liu Zhang→ colleague →Cao Cao
- Liu Bei→ capture →Liu Zhang
- Liu Zhang→ ally →Liu Bei
- Liu Zhang→ surrender →Liu Bei
Verified original text · 29
与司空曹公、卫将军董承、益州牧刘璋等並力讨袁術
colleague · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·孙破虏讨逆传
遣河内阴溥致敬于曹公
致敬 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
27 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
In official history, he was the governor of Yizhou, known for his mild temperament and policy of preserving the region and pacifying the people.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Liu Zhang records that Liu Zhang ignored the dissuasions of Wang Lei and Zhang Song, inviting Liu Bei into Shu, which triggered internal defection and ultimately led to his surrender. The original text states: "璋又从之,遣法正请先主。璋主簿黄权陈其利害,从事广汉王累自倒县于州门以谏,璋一无所纳" (Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biographies of Liu Yan and Liu Zhang)
- attestedSurrendered to avoid bloodshed
According to Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Liu Zhang, when Chengdu was besieged, Liu Zhang said, 'My father and I have governed this province for twenty years without bestowing kindness upon the people,' and then surrendered.
Relationship network
- colleagueLiu Zhang → Cao CaohistRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·孙破虏讨逆传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
Original text (2)
与司空曹公、卫将军董承、益州牧刘璋等並力讨袁術
遣河内阴溥致敬于曹公
Original relation: 致敬 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
- capture← Liu Bei → Liu ZhanghistRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·庞统法正传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·黄李吕马王张传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·武帝纪
Original text (6)
先主大怒,召璋白水军督杨怀
Original relation: attack · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传
先主至葭萌,还兵南向,所在皆克。
先主迁璋于南郡公安
Original relation: 迁置 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
北至葭萌,南还取璋
先主袭取益州
刘备袭刘璋,取益州
Original relation: 袭取 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·武帝纪
- allyLiu Zhang → Liu Beihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 60Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 65
Original text (4)
璋曰:“玄德是吾宗兄,安肯害吾?
刘璋决计投降,厚待简雍;次日,亲赍印绶文籍,与简雍同车出城投降。
Original relation: surrender · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 65
遣法正将四千人迎先主
Original relation: 迎入 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传
遣法正请先主
Original relation: invite · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
- clan brother← Liu Bei → Liu ZhanglitRomance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 56Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 60Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 61Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 62
Original text (4)
益州刘璋是我主人之弟
Original relation: brothers · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 56
刘季玉与备同宗,若攻之,恐天下唾骂。”
Original relation: same clan · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 60
吾兄弟同宗骨肉,共议大事
吾与玄德有兄弟之情
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
刘璋非立业之主,久后必归将军
Original text (1)
至腾子超复与璋相闻,有连蜀之意
Original text (1)
统进策曰:“今因此会,便可执之
- have feudLiu Zhang → Zhang Luhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·公孙陶四张传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 59
Original text (3)
璋曾杀张鲁母及弟
璋杀鲁母及弟,遂为仇敌。
Original relation: enemy · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
以鲁不顺,尽杀鲁母家室
Original relation: hostile · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·公孙陶四张传
Original text (1)
大骂:“法正卖主求荣
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
正与同郡孟达俱入蜀依刘璋
Original text (1)
- admonish against← Huang Quan → Liu Zhanghist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·黄李吕马王张传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 60
Original text (2)
曰:“主公此去,必被刘备所害
州牧刘璋召为主簿
Original relation: registrar · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·黄李吕马王张传
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
- subordinateLiu Zhang → Zhang SonghistRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
Original text (2)
别驾从事蜀郡张松说璋
璋复遣别驾张松诣曹公
Original relation: dispatch · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·刘二牧传
Original text (1)
遂下令捉张松全家,尽斩于市
Original text (1)
松曰:“某闻许都曹操,扫荡中原
Original text (1)
若容刘备入川,是犹迎虎于门也。”
Original text (1)
璋遣刘璝、冷苞、张任、邓贤等拒先主
Original text (1)
从事张任亦掣剑舞曰……舞剑必须有对
Original text (1)
后又为众人所谤毁于州牧刘璋,璋髡钳羕为徒隶。
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
益州牧刘璋以为牛鞞…………江原长、成都令