CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Liu Biao刘表
Governor of Jingzhou, intercepted Sun Jian.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 24
- RELATION RECORDS
- 37
- SOURCE WORKS
- 2
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Liu Biao, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
4 figures · 5 records＋
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Liu Bei—Liu Biaosworn brothers
Liu BiaoisLiu Qi’s father
Liu BiaoisLiu Cong’s father
02ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
18 figures · 23 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Liu BiaoisLiu Bei’s ruler
Liu Biao—Cai Maolord-minister
Liu Biao—Kuai Yuelord-minister
03CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
4 figures · 5 records＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Sun Jian→Liu Biaoresent
Sun Quan—Liu Biaohostile
Sun Ce—Liu Biaohostile
04THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
3 figures · 4 records＋
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Liu Bei→Liu Biaogive horse
Zhuge Liang→Liu Biaoprophesy doom
Liu Biao→Zhang Xiuaid
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Three Kingdoms
Governor of Jingzhou, after his death his son surrendered to Cao Cao. Governor of Jingzhou, after his death his son surrendered to Cao Cao. Governor of Jingzhou, an old acquaintance of Zhuge Liang's uncle.
In fiction · Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Governor of Jingzhou, intercepted Sun Jian. Governor of Jingzhou, had a grudge with Sun Jian, later killed Sun Jian. Governor of Jingzhou, close friend of Huang Zu, used Sun Jian's corpse to exchange for Huang Zu.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend17 profile notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
20 relations26 verified quotations- Liu Biao→ ruler-subject →Liu Bei
- Liu Bei→ flee to →Liu Biao
- Liu Bei→ sworn brothers →Liu Biao
- Liu Biao→ orphan entrust →Liu Bei
Verified original text · 26
表遣玄德引兵为前部以迎之
ruler-subject · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 32
弟可引本部军马于本县屯扎
appoint · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34
24 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history37 profile notes
Records of the Three Kingdoms
24 relations22 verified quotations- Liu Biao→ ruler-subject →Liu Bei
- Liu Bei→ flee to →Liu Biao
- Sun Quan→ hostile →Liu Biao
- Sun Ce→ hostile →Liu Biao
Verified original text · 22
表自郊迎，以上宾礼待之
depend · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传
备闻公自行，走奔刘表
flee to · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·武帝纪
20 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
In official history, Liu Biao was one of the Eight Worthies who rode alone into Yicheng and secured the region of Jianghan, but in fiction he is often depicted as an indecisive coward.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Liu Biao records that Liu Biao rode alone into Yicheng, allied with the Kuai brothers and Cai Mao to pacify Jingzhou, and established schools to attract refugees. (Original text: 「吴人苏代领长沙太守，具羽为华容长，各阻兵作乱。表初到，单马入宜城，而延中庐人蒯良、蒯越、襄阳人蔡瑁与谋。表曰：“宗贼甚盛，而众不附，袁术因之，祸今至矣！”——Source: data/raw/sanguozhi/魏书·董二袁刘传.txt)
The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Liu Biao records that he was fond of scheming but indecisive; after his death, Liu Cong's surrender to Cao Cao was due to internal factional strife and disparity in military strength. (Original text: 「表乃弗诛而囚之。〉表虽外皃儒雅，而心多疑忌，皆此类也。」——Source: data/raw/sanguozhi/魏书·董二袁刘传.txt)
Relationship network
- ruler-subjectLiu Biao → Liu Beihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 32Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39
Original text (4)
表遣玄德引兵为前部以迎之
弟可引本部军马于本县屯扎
Original relation: appoint · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34
我死之后，弟便为荆州之主也
Original relation: 让荆州 · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39
表自郊迎，以上宾礼待之
Original relation: courteous reception · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传
- flee to← Liu Bei → Liu Biaohist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·武帝纪Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 31Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39
Original text (4)
玄德引关、张等拜见刘表
玄德请罪于阶下
Original relation: 请罪 · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39
表自郊迎，以上宾礼待之
Original relation: depend · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传
备闻公自行，走奔刘表
- sworn brothers← Liu Bei → Liu BiaolitRomance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 40
Original text (2)
不须兄长忧虑
备当竭力以辅贤侄
Original relation: entrusted · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 40
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
玄德遂将此马送与刘表
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
亮夜观天象，刘表不久人世
Original text (1)
时刘表遣从子虎、南阳韩晞将长矛五千
- resent← Sun Jian → Liu Biaohist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·孙破虏讨逆传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 7
Original text (4)
自此孙坚与刘表结怨。
公可速兴兵伐刘表
Original relation: attack · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 7
使坚征荆州，击刘表
Original relation: battle · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·孙破虏讨逆传
使坚攻表。
Original relation: attack · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传
Original text (1)
随令蒯越、蔡瑁引兵一万来截孙坚。
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
刘表、张绣军会合，见操兵少
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
急发书报刘表，使为后应
Original text (1)
荆州牧刘表使历诸郡县。
Original text (1)
吾与黄祖心腹之交，舍之不义。
Original text (1)
告急於刘表，求救於黄祖
Original text (1)
- father-sonLiu Biao → Liu Conghist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 40
Original text (2)
Original text (1)
- father-sonLiu Biao → Liu Qihist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·先主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 34Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 40
Original text (3)
前妻陈氏所生长子琦
令玄德辅佐长子刘琦为荆州之主
表长子江夏太守琦
- lord-ministerLiu Biao → Cai Maohist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 6Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 35
Original text (3)
随令蒯越、蔡瑁引兵一万来截孙坚。
表大怒，急唤蔡瑁责骂曰
Original relation: scold · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 35
延中庐人蒯良、蒯越、襄阳人蔡瑁与谋。
Original relation: subordinate general · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
荆州牧刘表辟为部江夏从事
Original text (1)
避乱荆州，刘表待以宾礼
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
- lord-ministerLiu Biao → Kuai Yuehist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 6
Original text (2)
随令蒯越、蔡瑁引兵一万来截孙坚。
延中庐人蒯良、蒯越、襄阳人蔡瑁与谋。
Original relation: strategist · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 魏书·董二袁刘传
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
荆州牧刘表令与孟曜为汉主合雅乐