Is “Cowardice and incompetence led to handing Jingzhou to Cao Cao” true?
based on fact
The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Liu Biao, records that he was fond of planning but lacked decisiveness; after his death, Liu Cong's surrender to Cao Cao was due to internal factional strife and disparity in military strength.
Liu Biao
In official history, Liu Biao was one of the Eight Worthies who rode alone into Yicheng and secured the region of Jianghan, but in fiction he is often depicted as an indecisive coward.