CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Zhang Yi张仪
A general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang, later surrendered to Liu Bei.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 25
- RELATION RECORDS
- 44
- SOURCE WORKS
- 4
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Zhang Yi, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01MENTORSHIPMentorship
Teachers, disciples and transmission
1 figure · 2 records+
Mentorship
Teachers, disciples and transmission
Zhang Yi—Su Qinfellow disciple
02KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
1 figure · 1 record+
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Su Qin—Zhang Yisworn brothers
03ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
9 figures · 11 records+
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Zhang Yi—King Huiwen of Qinguest minister
King Huiwen of Qin→Zhang Yiappoint guest minister
Zhang Yi→King of Qilobby
Zhang Yi→King of Chulobby
04CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
17 figures · 23 records+
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Zhang Yi→King Huai of Chudeceive
Su Qin→Zhang Yiprovoke
King Min of Qi→Zhang Yihate
05THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
3 figures · 3 records+
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Gan Mao→Zhang Yirecommend
Xi Shou→Zhang Yiexploit
Lord of Wei→Zhang Yimediate
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Grand Historian
A strategist of the Qin state, deceived King Huai of Chu; a native of Wei, strategist, served as prime minister of Qin, Wei, and Chu, lobbied various states to serve Qin. A strategist, advocated the strategy of alliance with Qin, served as prime minister of Qin and Wei, enfeoffed as Lord Wu Xin.
In fiction · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms · Strategies of the Warring States · Bamboo Annals
Originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang, killed Liu Gui and surrendered to Liu Bei. Followed Zhuge Liang on the southern campaign, captured A Henan and Meng Huo's family. During the northern expeditions, served as vanguard, set an ambush with Liao Hua to defeat Xu Zhi, rose to General of the Western Expedition and Left Chariot General. Later followed Jiang Wei on the northern expeditions, advised him to retreat. After Shu fell, surrendered to Zhong Hui with Jiang Wei, died in the chaos of battle.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend6 profile notes
Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms
12 relations18 verified quotations- Zhang Yi→ fellow disciple →Su Qin
- Su Qin→ provoke →Zhang Yi
- Su Qin→ sworn brothers →Zhang Yi
- Su Qin→ classmate →Zhang Yi
Verified original text · 18
意不欲伐赵,以负苏秦之德。
fellow disciple · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91
故意怠慢,激怒君
provoke · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 90
16 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history12 profile notes
Records of the Grand Historian
17 relations21 verified quotations- King Wei→ ask for help →Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yi→ lobby →King of Zhao
- Zhang Yi→ fellow disciple →Su Qin
- Su Qin→ provoke →Zhang Yi
Verified original text · 21
魏王谓韩冯、张仪曰
ask for help · Records of the Grand Historian, 田敬仲完世家
西说赵王
lobby · Records of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传
19 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history29 profile notes
Strategies of the Warring States
22 relations28 verified quotations- King of Qin→ anger →Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yi→ lobby →King of Chu
- Zhang Yi→ lobby →King Wei
- Zhang Yi→ lobby →King of Zhao
Verified original text · 28
秦王怒,张仪走
anger · Strategies of the Warring States, 韩/一
张仪为秦破从连横,说楚王
lobby · Strategies of the Warring States, 楚/一
26 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history1 profile notes
Bamboo Annals
0 relations0 verified quotations
History vs. fiction
Qin prime minister deceived King Huai of Chu into breaking off relations with Qi by promising to cede six hundred li of land.
- based on factZhang Yi deceived King Huai of Chu by falsely claiming six li of fief as six hundred li.
Records of the Grand Historian, Biography of Zhang Yi, records: 'When Yi arrived in Qin, he pretended to be drunk and fell from his carriage, claiming illness and not appearing for three months... Then he rose and went to court, and said to the Chu general: "Why have you not received the land? From such a place to such a place, it is six li in extent."' Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, chapter 91, has the same plot: 'Zhang Yi pretended to be drunk, missed his step, and fell from the carriage... Zhang Yi said: "Why should this matter be reported to the King of Qin? What I spoke of was my own fief of six li, which I voluntarily offer to the King of Chu."'
Relationship network
To keep this page fast, the 40 most important records are shown here.View all 44 relationships in the atlas →
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张仪为秦连横,说魏王曰
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- lobbyZhang Yi → King of Zhaohist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Strategies of the Warring States, 赵/二
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西说赵王
张仪为秦连横,说赵王
Original relation: persuade · Strategies of the Warring States, 赵/二
- fellow discipleZhang Yi → Su Qinhist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91Records of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传
Original text (2)
意不欲伐赵,以负苏秦之德。
始尝与苏秦俱事鬼谷先生
- provoke← Su Qin → Zhang Yihist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 90Records of the Grand Historian, 苏秦列传
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故意怠慢,激怒君
乃激怒张仪
Original relation: provoked anger · Records of the Grand Historian, 苏秦列传
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因张仪、樗里子而求见秦惠王
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- lobbyZhang Yi → King of QilitStrategies of the Warring States, 韩/一Strategies of the Warring States, 齐/一
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- deceiveZhang Yi → King Huai of Chuhist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 92Records of the Grand Historian, 屈原贾生列传Records of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Records of the Grand Historian, 楚世家Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/二
Original text (8)
张仪乃遣人致书怀王
Original relation: send letter · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91
臣之此来,欲合秦楚之交耳
恨张仪欺诈
Original relation: 欺诈 · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 92
张仪诈之曰
臣请献商于之地六百里
张仪至秦,详醉坠车,称病不出三月,地不可得。
王欺於张仪,亡地汉中
张仪南见楚王
- imprison← King Huai of Chu → Zhang Yihist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Strategies of the Warring States, 楚/二
Original text (2)
楚怀王至则囚张仪
楚怀王拘张仪
Original relation: 拘 · Strategies of the Warring States, 楚/二
- give seal of prime minister← King Huai of Chu → Zhang YilitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91
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公仲闻之,必不入于齐
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- guest ministerZhang Yi → King Huiwen of Qinhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/一Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/二Strategies of the Warring States, 齐/二
Original text (6)
惠王以为客卿
惠王乃以张仪为相
Original relation: 相国 · Records of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传
张仪谓秦王
Original relation: subordinate · Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/一
张仪谓秦王
Original relation: offer advice · Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/一
惠王患之,谓张仪曰
Original relation: ruler-subject · Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/二
张仪事秦惠王
Original relation: serve · Strategies of the Warring States, 齐/二
- reward← King Huiwen of Qin → Zhang Yihist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/一
Original text (2)
秦惠王封仪五邑
秦惠王曰:“受命。”
Original relation: employ · Strategies of the Warring States, 秦/一
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张仪为秦连横说韩王曰
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- compete favorZhang Yi → Chen Zhenhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Strategies of the Warring States, 楚/一Strategies of the Warring States, 魏/一
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与张仪俱事秦惠王,皆贵重,争宠
为仪谓楚王逐昭雎
Original relation: sow discord · Strategies of the Warring States, 楚/一
张仪恶陈轸于魏王
Original relation: loathe · Strategies of the Warring States, 魏/一
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- serve as subjectZhang Yi → King Wu of Qinhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传Strategies of the Warring States, 齐/二
Original text (2)
张仪惧诛,乃因谓秦武王
谓武王曰
Original relation: serve · Strategies of the Warring States, 齐/二
- loathe← King Wu of Qin → Zhang Yihist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 92Records of the Grand Historian, 张仪列传
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- appoint guest minister← King Huiwen of Qin → Zhang Yihist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 90Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 92Records of the Grand Historian, 六国年表
Original text (4)
即时召见,拜为客卿
用张仪为相
Original relation: appoint minister · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91
封以五邑,号武信君
Original relation: reward · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 92
张仪相
Original relation: employ · Records of the Grand Historian, 六国年表
- ruler-subjectZhang Yi → King Huiwen of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 92
Original text (3)
时张仪在座
张仪乃见秦王,辞相印
Original relation: 请辞 · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91
张仪吾股肱之臣
- invite Qin attack WeiZhang Yi → King Huiwen of QinlitChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 91
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