CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Qiao Zhou谯周
Minister of Shu Han, proficient in astronomy, author of 'Discourse on Enmity between States', advised Liu Shan to surrender to Wei.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 7
- RELATION RECORDS
- 11
- SOURCE WORKS
- 2
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Qiao Zhou, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
4 figures · 7 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Liu Shan→Qiao Zhouobey
Liu Shan→Qiao Zhoufollow plan
Qiao Zhou→Sima Zhaobe enfeoffed
Zhuge Liang→Qiao Zhouconscript
02CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
1 figure · 1 record＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Zhuge Liang→Qiao Zhourefuse advice
03THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
3 figures · 3 records＋
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Qiao Zhou→Confuciusadmire
Source record
Li Tong→Qiao Zhoupraise
Source record
Sun Sheng→Qiao Zhoucomment
Source record
8 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Three Kingdoms
Guanglu Daifu of Shu Han, advised Liu Shan to surrender to Wei. A native of Xichong, Baxi, learned and knowledgeable, rose to Guanglu Daifu, advised Liu Shan to surrender to Wei. Guanglu Daifu of Shu Han, advised the Later Lord to surrender to Wei, enfeoffed as Marquis of Yangcheng Village.
In fiction · Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang, later served Liu Bei, skilled in astronomy. Grand Astrologer of Shu Han, remonstrated against the Northern Expeditions. Wrote 'Discourse on Enmity between States' to persuade Jiang Wei. Advocated surrender, advised the Later Lord to submit to Wei.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend10 profile notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3 relations3 verified quotations- Zhuge Liang→ refuse advice →Qiao Zhou
- Liu Shan→ obey →Qiao Zhou
- Qiao Zhou→ remonstrate →Liu Shan
Verified original text · 3
谯周苦谏不从
refuse advice · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 91
后主从谯周之言
obey · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 118
1 more verified quotation in the relationship records below.
- Official history6 profile notes
Records of the Three Kingdoms
9 relations6 verified quotations- Qiao Zhou→ admire →Confucius
- Zhuge Liang→ conscript →Qiao Zhou
- Sima Zhao→ enfeoff →Qiao Zhou
- Qiao Zhou→ be enfeoffed →Sima Zhao
Verified original text · 6
命周为劝学从事
conscript · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·杜周许孟来尹李谯郤传
以周有全国之功，封阳城亭侯。
be enfeoffed · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·杜周许孟来尹李谯郤传
4 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
The histories record only that Liu Chen killed himself; the tirade against Qiao Zhou is the novel's.
- based on factWhether Liu Chen cursed Qiao Zhou to his face
Sanguozhi records only that Liu Chen killed himself after Liu Shan accepted Qiao Zhou's advice to surrender; no confrontation is mentioned. Chapter 118 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms adds the scene of Liu Chen stepping out from behind the screen: 「正欲出降，忽屏风后转出一人，厉声而骂周曰：‘偷生腐儒，岂可妄议社稷大事！’」
Relationship network
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
以周有全国之功，封阳城亭侯。
Original text (1)
以周有全国之功，封阳城亭侯。
- obey← Liu Shan → Qiao Zhouhist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·后主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·杜周许孟来尹李谯郤传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 118
Original text (3)
后主从谯周之言
用光禄大夫谯周策
后主立太子，以周为仆
Original relation: appoint official · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 蜀书·杜周许孟来尹李谯郤传
Original text (1)
自古以来，无寄他国为天子者也，今若入吴，固当臣服
Original text (1)
Original text (1)