Is “Whether Liu Chen cursed Qiao Zhou to his face” true?
based on fact
Sanguozhi records only that Liu Chen killed himself after Liu Shan accepted Qiao Zhou's advice to surrender; no confrontation is mentioned. Chapter 118 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms adds the scene of Liu Chen stepping out from behind the screen: 「正欲出降，忽屏风后转出一人，厉声而骂周曰：‘偷生腐儒，岂可妄议社稷大事！’」
Qiao Zhou
The histories record only that Liu Chen killed himself; the tirade against Qiao Zhou is the novel's.
This page was extracted from classical texts with AI assistance and revised; errors remain possible. Spotted a mistake? Tell us →