CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Liu Heita刘黑闼
Former general of Dou Jiande, rebelled against Tang.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 12
- RELATION RECORDS
- 19
- SOURCE WORKS
- 3
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Liu Heita, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
1 figure · 1 record＋
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Liu Heita—Dou Jiandefriend
02ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
2 figures · 3 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Dou Jiande→Liu Heitaremnant
Liu Heita—Li Misubordinate general
03CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
10 figures · 14 records＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Li Shimin→Liu Heitadefeat
Li Jiancheng→Liu Heitaattack
Liu Heita→Luo Shixinattack and kill
Liu Heita—Li Yuanjibattle
Xu Shiji—Liu Heitabattle
Liu Heita→Wang Shichongcaptured
Li Shentong→Liu Heitaattack
Yuchi Jingde→Liu Heitaslay
04THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
1 figure · 1 record＋
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Liu Heita→Luo Shixinwanted to save
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Old Book of Tang
Former general of Dou Jiande, rebelled against Tang.; Warlord at the end of Sui and beginning of Tang, defeated by Li Ji.; Rebel leader, captured by Jiancheng.
In fiction · New Book of Tang · Romance of Sui and Tang
Chief steward of Xia Kingdom, Grand General of the Southern Expedition.; Great general of Xia, campaigned against Huaji.; Xia general, participated in capturing Xu general.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Official history23 profile notes
Old Book of Tang
11 relations14 verified quotations- Li Shimin→ defeat →Liu Heita
- Liu Heita→ old subordinate →Dou Jiande
- Xu Shiji→ battle →Liu Heita
- Dou Jiande→ remnant →Liu Heita
Verified original text · 14
黑闼与二百馀骑北走突厥
defeat · Old Book of Tang, 太宗本纪上
太宗阻洺水列营以逼之，分遣奇兵，断其粮道。
defeat · Old Book of Tang, 薛举李轨刘武周高开道刘黑闼
12 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Literature / legend4 profile notes
Romance of Sui and Tang
2 relations2 verified quotations- Dou Jiande→ remnant →Liu Heita
- Yuchi Jingde→ slay →Liu Heita
Verified original text · 2
命刘黑闼为大将军
ruler-subject · Romance of Sui and Tang, 050
敬德提了刘黑闼的首级
slay · Romance of Sui and Tang, 058
- Official history16 profile notes
New Book of Tang
13 relations17 verified quotations- Li Shimin→ defeat →Liu Heita
- Liu Heita→ battle →Li Shimin
- Liu Heita→ subordinate general →Li Mi
- Liu Heita→ old subordinate →Dou Jiande
Verified original text · 17
讨刘黑闼于洺州，败之
defeat · New Book of Tang, 太宗本纪
秦王破之于列人
defeat · New Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传
15 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
Discrepancy in Liu Heita's fate
- novel inventionIn the novel, Liu Heita is beheaded in battle by Yuchi Jingde, while in official history he was defeated and pacified.
In the Old Book of Tang, biographies of Li Jing and Li Ji, it is recorded that Liu Heita raised troops after Dou Jiande and was pacified by Li Ji: 'He also defeated Liu Heita and Xu Yuanlang, and pacified them.' In chapter 58 of Romance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is written that during the Battle of Hulao, he was directly killed by Yuchi Jingde: 'Then Jingde presented Liu Heita's head, Wang Bu presented Fan Yuan's head, and Luo Shixin captured Zheng's envoy Changsun Anshi alive, all reporting their merits.' The novel greatly advances and alters the cause of Liu Heita's death.
Relationship network
- defeat← Li Shimin → Liu Heitahist × litNew Book of Tang, 太宗本纪New Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传New Book of Tang, 高祖本纪Old Book of Tang, 太宗本纪上Old Book of Tang, 薛举李轨刘武周高开道刘黑闼Old Book of Tang, 高祖本纪
Original text (7)
黑闼与二百馀骑北走突厥
太宗阻洺水列营以逼之，分遣奇兵，断其粮道。
秦王破刘黑闼于洺水上
讨刘黑闼于洺州，败之
秦王破之于列人
秦王世民、齐王元吉讨黑闼
Original relation: attack · New Book of Tang, 高祖本纪
秦王世民及刘黑闼战于洺水，败之
Original relation: defeat · New Book of Tang, 高祖本纪
Original text (1)
秦王率兵次汲，数困贼
Original text (1)
后事李密为裨将
- old subordinateLiu Heita → Dou Jiandehist × litNew Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传Old Book of Tang, 薛举李轨刘武周高开道刘黑闼
Original text (2)
归建德，建德署为将军
建德用为将，封汉东郡公
Original relation: subordinate general · New Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传
- battle← Xu Shiji → Liu Heitahist × litNew Book of Tang, 李靖弟 客师孙 令问五代孙 彦芳李𪟝孙 敬业传Old Book of Tang, 李靖李𪟝传
Original text (2)
又从太宗破刘黑闼
又从破刘黑闼、徐圆朗
Original relation: defeat · New Book of Tang, 李靖弟 客师孙 令问五代孙 彦芳李𪟝孙 敬业传
Original text (2)
其年，刘黑闼复盗据山东
命刘黑闼为大将军
Original relation: ruler-subject · Romance of Sui and Tang, 050
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
与窦建德少相友
Original text (1)
诏齐王元吉击之
Original text (1)
秦王世民、齐王元吉讨黑闼
Original text (1)
敬德提了刘黑闼的首级
- attack← Li Jiancheng → Liu Heitahist × litNew Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传New Book of Tang, 高祖本纪New Book of Tang, 高祖诸子传Old Book of Tang, 薛举李轨刘武周高开道刘黑闼Old Book of Tang, 高祖二十二子传
Original text (5)
又令隐太子建成督兵进讨，频战大捷。
遂请讨刘黑闼，擒之而旋
Original relation: catch · Old Book of Tang, 高祖二十二子传
皇太子、齐王悉兵战馆陶，黑闼大败
Original relation: defeat · New Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传
皇太子及刘黑闼战于魏州，败之
遂禽黑闼
Original relation: defeat · New Book of Tang, 高祖诸子传
Original text (1)
皇太子、齐王悉兵战馆陶
Original text (1)
颉利遣数万骑与刘黑闼合军
- attack and killLiu Heita → Luo Shixinhist × litNew Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传Old Book of Tang, 薛举李轨刘武周高开道刘黑闼
Original text (2)
黑闼又攻陷其城，士信死之
黑闼攻陷洺水，士信死
Original relation: slay · New Book of Tang, 薛李二刘高徐传
Original text (1)
黑闼闻其勇，意欲活之
Original text (1)
城陷，为贼所擒
Original text (2)
从太宗平刘黑闼
从平刘黑闼
Original relation: pacify · New Book of Tang, 宗室传
Original text (1)
皇太子破刘黑闼于魏州，斩之