CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Xiongnu匈奴
A nomadic people of the north, who either formed marriage alliances with the Han or engaged in warfare with them.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 21
- RELATION RECORDS
- 23
- SOURCE WORKS
- 3
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Xiongnu, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
7 figures · 7 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Wang Mang→Xiongnuchange title
Emperor Xuan of Han→Xiongnusubmit
Lu Wan→Xiongnusurrendered
Han Xin, King of Han→Xiongnusurrendered
Liu Jing→Xiongnumarriage alliance
Shizu→Xiongnuestablish friendly relations
02CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
16 figures · 16 records＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Guan Ying→Xiongnurepel
Emperor Wen of Han→Xiongnumarriage alliance
Zhao Ponu→Xiongnucaptured
Emperor Jing of Han→Xiongnumarriage alliance
Empress Lü→Xiongnuharass
Li Ling→Xiongnuconquer
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Official history5 profile notes
Book of Han
13 relations15 verified quotations- Wang Mang→ change title →Xiongnu
- Emperor Jing of Han→ marriage alliance →Xiongnu
- Empress Lü→ harass →Xiongnu
- Guan Ying→ repel →Xiongnu
Verified original text · 15
因谕说改其号，号匈奴曰“恭奴”
change title · Book of Han, 匈奴传下
与匈奴和亲
marriage alliance · Book of Han, 景帝纪
13 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history1 profile notes
Book of the Later Han
8 relations8 verified quotations- Emperor Wen of Han→ marriage alliance →Xiongnu
- Emperor Xuan of Han→ submit →Xiongnu
- Huo Qubing→ break →Xiongnu
- Shizu→ establish friendly relations →Xiongnu
Verified original text · 8
文帝与匈奴通关市，妻以汉女
marriage alliance · Book of the Later Han, 班彪列传下
宣帝时，匈奴稽首臣服
submit · Book of the Later Han, 班彪列传下
6 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history1 profile notes
Records of the Grand Historian
7 relations7 verified quotations- Guan Ying→ repel →Xiongnu
- Xiongnu→ besiege →Han Wang
- Lu Wan→ surrendered →Xiongnu
- Han Xin, King of Han→ surrendered →Xiongnu
Verified original text · 7
令丞相婴将骑八万五千往击匈奴
fight back · Records of the Grand Historian, 樊郦滕灌列传
匈奴围我平城
besiege · Records of the Grand Historian, 高祖本纪
5 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
Relationship network
Original text (1)
因谕说改其号，号匈奴曰“恭奴”
Original text (1)
文帝与匈奴通关市，妻以汉女
Original text (1)
宣帝时，匈奴稽首臣服
Original text (1)
与匈奴和亲
Original text (1)
匈奴寇狄道，攻阿阳
Original text (2)
击匈奴
令丞相婴将骑八万五千往击匈奴
Original relation: fight back · Records of the Grand Historian, 樊郦滕灌列传
Original text (1)
骠骑将军霍去病破匈奴
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
及中兴之初，更通旧好
Original text (1)
苏武以秃节效贞
Original text (2)
率其党且万人降匈奴
燕王卢绾反，率其党数千人降匈奴
Original text (1)
绾遂将其众亡入匈奴
Original text (1)
遣捕虏将军马武屯虖沱河以备匈奴
- surrendered← Han Xin, King of Han → Xiongnuhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 匈奴列传Book of Han, 匈奴传上
Original text (2)
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
以校尉数从大将军击匈奴
Original text (1)
贰师将军李广利以军降匈奴
Original text (2)
李陵没不还
陵降匈奴，其兵得脱归汉者四百人。
Original relation: surrender · Book of Han, 匈奴传上
Original text (1)
卢芳自五原亡入匈奴
Original text (1)
- marriage alliance← Liu Jing → Xiongnuhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 匈奴列传Book of Han, 匈奴传上
Original text (2)
使刘敬结和亲之约
使刘敬奉宗室女公主为单于阏氏
Original text (1)
以将军再击匈奴得王
- captured← Zhao Ponu → Xiongnuhist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 匈奴列传Book of Han, 卫青霍去病传Book of Han, 景武昭宣元成功臣表
Original text (3)
破奴为虏所得
以司马再从票骑将军击匈奴
Original relation: strike · Book of Han, 景武昭宣元成功臣表
匈奴闲捕，生得浞野侯
Original relation: captured · Records of the Grand Historian, 匈奴列传