CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Ling Tong凌统
Son of Ling Cao, recovered his father's corpse and returned.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 9
- RELATION RECORDS
- 12
- SOURCE WORKS
- 2
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Ling Tong, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
1 figure · 1 record＋
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Ling Tong—Gan Ningsworn brotherhood
02ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
5 figures · 6 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Sun Quan→Ling Tongcare for orphan
Zhou Yu→Ling Tongsubordinate
Lu Meng—Ling Tongcolleague
Liu Zan→Ling Tongrecommended
Source record
Luo Tong→Ling Tonglead troops
03CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
4 figures · 4 records＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Ling Tong→Gan Ningrevenge
Zhang Liao—Ling Tongbattle
Cao Xiu→Ling Tongambush
Yue Jin—Ling Tongbattle
04THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
1 figure · 1 record＋
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Gan Ning→Ling Tongrescue
11 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Three Kingdoms
Eastern Wu general, guarded Sun Quan at the Battle of Hefei. Eastern Wu general, jointly defended with Lü Meng.
In fiction · Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Son of Ling Cao, recovered his father's corpse and returned. Eastern Wu general, wanted to kill Gan Ning for his father's grudge, but was dissuaded by Sun Quan. Eastern Wu general, third unit.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend11 profile notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
8 relations12 verified quotations- Sun Quan→ care for orphan →Ling Tong
- Zhou Yu→ subordinate →Ling Tong
- Zhang Liao→ battle →Ling Tong
- Ling Tong→ revenge →Gan Ning
Verified original text · 12
权又加封凌统为承烈都尉
confer title · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39
权乃重赏凌统、谷利
subordinate general · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 67
10 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history7 profile notes
Records of the Three Kingdoms
6 relations9 verified quotations- Sun Quan→ care for orphan →Ling Tong
- Ling Tong→ save →Sun Quan
- Lu Meng→ colleague →Ling Tong
- Ling Tong→ revenge →Gan Ning
Verified original text · 9
凌统、董袭等尽锐攻之
ruler-subject · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·吴主传
分滋损甘以育凌统之孤
care for orphan · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·嗣主传
7 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
In official history, Gan Ning killed Ling Tong's father, and Ling Tong harbored a grudge; in the novel, Gan Ning saves Ling Tong's life and they become sworn brothers by breaking arrows.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wu, Biography of Ling Tong records that his father Ling Cao was killed by Gan Ning, and Ling Tong often harbored resentment; Sun Quan specifically ordered the two to be stationed separately. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms fictionalizes a scene where Gan Ning saves Ling Tong on the battlefield, leading to their sworn brotherhood. The official history text writes that when Gan Ning was covering Huang Zu's retreat, he "shot and killed Colonel Ling Cao" (Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wu, Biographies of Cheng, Huang, Han, Jiang, Zhou, Chen, Dong, Gan, Ling, Xu, Pan, and Ding).
Relationship network
- care for orphan← Sun Quan → Ling Tonghist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·吴主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·嗣主传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 67
Original text (6)
权又加封凌统为承烈都尉
Original relation: confer title · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39
权乃重赏凌统、谷利
Original relation: subordinate general · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 67
凌统、董袭等尽锐攻之
Original relation: ruler-subject · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·吴主传
分滋损甘以育凌统之孤
权亦命统不得仇之
Original relation: 禁止复仇 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传
拜统别部司马
Original relation: appoint general · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传
- saveLing Tong → Sun QuanhistRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·程黄韩蒋周陈董甘凌徐潘丁传Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传
Original text (2)
统率亲近三百人陷围，扶捍权出
统率亲近三百人陷围，扶捍权出
Original relation: save emperor · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传
- subordinate← Zhou Yu → Ling TonglitRomance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 44Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 49Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 51
Original text (3)
凌统、潘璋，为第三队
第四唤凌统领三千兵，直接彝陵界首，只看乌林火起，以兵应之。
Original relation: dispatch · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 49
若十日为期，可当之
Original relation: subordinate general · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 51
Original text (1)
先锋张辽与凌统交锋，斗五十合
Original text (1)
- revengeLing Tong → Gan Ninghist × litRecords of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 39Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 67
Original text (3)
拔剑在手，直取甘宁
凌统想起甘宁杀父之仇
Original relation: have feud · Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ch. 67
凌统怨宁杀其父操
Original relation: 怨杀父 · Records of the Three Kingdoms, 吴书·虎臣传
Original text (1)
自此与甘宁结为生死之交
Original text (1)
放箭救你者，甘宁也。
Original text (1)
曹休便闪往张辽背后，开弓一箭，正中凌统坐下马。
Original text (1)
张辽使乐进出迎。两个斗至五十合
Original text (1)