CIVILIZATION DOSSIER
Guan Zhong管仲
Prime Minister of the State of Qi, assisted Duke Huan of Qi in becoming hegemon.
- DIRECT FIGURES
- 7
- RELATION RECORDS
- 17
- SOURCE WORKS
- 5
RELATIONSHIP COMPASS
Guan Zhong, and the people around them.
Open one chapter at a time. Each chapter gives the relationship first, then the source text behind it.
01KINSHIPKinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
1 figure · 1 record＋
Kinship
Blood, marriage and sworn bonds
Bao Shuya—Guan Zhongconfidant
02ALLEGIANCEAllegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
6 figures · 10 records＋
Allegiance
Rulers, appointments and allegiance
Duke Huan of QiisGuan Zhong’s ruler
Guan Zhong→Marquis of Qiadmonish
King Xiang of Zhou→Guan Zhonggrand feast
Guan Zhong→Duke Huan of Qioffer strategy
Bao Shuya→Guan Zhongrecommend
Li Yuanji→Guan Zhonghonor as uncle
03CONFLICTConflict
Battles, captures and defeat
4 figures · 5 records＋
Conflict
Battles, captures and defeat
Guan Zhong→Duke Huan of Qishoot hook
Confucius→Guan Zhongcriticize
Guan Zhong→Duke Huan of Qishoot hook
Bao Shuya→Guan Zhongquestion
04THE UNSEENMythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
1 figure · 1 record＋
Mythic acts
Transformation, aid and divine punishment
Duke Huan of Qi→Guan Zhongpardon
12 key relationships are shown here. The complete record remains below.
In history · Records of the Grand Historian
Prime Minister of Qi, advised Duke Huan of Qi to keep his word.; Prime Minister of Qi, received royal rites.; Prime Minister of Qi, already dead.
In fiction · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms · Discourses of the States · Strategies of the Warring States · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition
Prime Minister of the State of Qi, assisted Duke Huan of Qi in becoming hegemon.; Prime Minister of Qi, assisted Duke Huan in becoming hegemon, recognized and promoted Ning Qi.; Prime Minister of Qi, planned the hegemony for Duke Huan.
Across source works
How this figure changes across texts
Works are shown side by side, not as a chronology. No influence between texts is inferred.
- Literature / legend17 profile notes
Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms
6 relations18 verified quotations- Duke Huan of Qi→ ruler-subject →Guan Zhong
- Guan Zhong→ assist →Duke Huan of Qi
- Duke Huan of Qi→ abandon last words →Guan Zhong
- King Xiang of Zhou→ grand feast →Guan Zhong
Verified original text · 18
乃委国管仲
entrust state · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 17
桓公大悦。于是遣使至洛阳朝贺釐王
ruler-subject · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 18
16 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history5 profile notes
Discourses of the States
6 relations9 verified quotations- Duke Huan of Qi→ ruler-subject →Guan Zhong
- Guan Zhong→ shoot hook →Duke Huan of Qi
- Guan Zhong→ offer strategy →Duke Huan of Qi
- Duke Huan of Qi→ pardon →Guan Zhong
Verified original text · 9
管仲贼桓公而卒以为侯伯
appoint minister · Discourses of the States, 晋语四
桓公召管子而谋
ruler-subject · Discourses of the States, 齐语
7 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history6 profile notes
Records of the Grand Historian
6 relations5 verified quotations- Confucius→ criticize →Guan Zhong
- Duke Huan of Qi→ ruler-subject →Guan Zhong
- Guan Zhong→ assist →Duke Huan of Qi
- Guan Zhong→ shoot hook →Duke Huan of Qi
Verified original text · 5
然孔子小之。
criticize · Records of the Grand Historian, 管晏列传
射中小白带钩
shoot hook · Records of the Grand Historian, 齐太公世家
3 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
- Official history6 profile notes
Strategies of the Warring States
4 relations3 verified quotations- Guan Zhong→ assist →Duke Huan of Qi
- Guan Zhong→ shoot hook →Duke Huan of Qi
- Li Yuanji→ honor as uncle →Guan Zhong
- Guan Zhong→ offer strategy →Duke Huan of Qi
Verified original text · 3
昔管仲射桓公中钩
shoot hook · Strategies of the Warring States, 齐／六
齐公得管仲，时以为仲父
honor as uncle · Strategies of the Warring States, 秦／三
1 more verified quotation in the relationship records below.
- Official history10 profile notes
Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition
7 relations6 verified quotations- Confucius→ criticize →Guan Zhong
- Duke Huan of Qi→ ruler-subject →Guan Zhong
- Guan Zhong→ assist →Duke Huan of Qi
- Guan Zhong→ shoot hook →Duke Huan of Qi
Verified original text · 6
管仲镂簋朱纮，称其器小
criticize · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, 序
管敬仲言于齐侯曰
admonish · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 10
4 more verified quotations in the relationship records below.
History vs. fiction
The friendship of Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya, Bao Shuya yielded the position of prime minister to Guan Zhong.
According to the 'Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of Guan and Yan', Guan Zhong once sighed: 'My parents gave me life, but it is Bao Shuya who understands me.' In history, Bao Shuya served Prince Xiaobai of Qi, while Guan Zhong served Prince Jiu. After Xiaobai became Duke Huan of Qi, Bao Shuya, disregarding personal grudges, strongly recommended to Duke Huan his enemy Guan Zhong, who had once shot and hit the Duke's belt hook with an arrow. The detailed description of the friendship between Guan and Bao and Bao's recommendation of the worthy in Chapter 16 of the 'Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms' is based on real historical facts.
Relationship network
- criticize← Confucius → Guan Zhonghist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 管晏列传Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, 序
Original text (2)
- ruler-subject← Duke Huan of Qi → Guan Zhonghist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 17Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 18Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 20Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 21Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 23Records of the Grand Historian, 范睢蔡泽列传Records of the Grand Historian, 齐太公世家Discourses of the States, 晋语四Discourses of the States, 齐语Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 7Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 13Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 45
Original text (8)
乃委国管仲
Original relation: entrust state · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 17
桓公大悦。于是遣使至洛阳朝贺釐王
管仲毋忘槛囚
Original relation: employ · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 20
问管仲
Original relation: ask plan · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 20
齐桓公问于管仲
桓公曰：“江黄二国，不堪楚暴，遣使纳款，寡人欲与会盟，伐楚之日，约为内应，何如？”管仲曰：
管仲贼桓公而卒以为侯伯
Original relation: appoint minister · Discourses of the States, 晋语四
桓公召管子而谋
- assistGuan Zhong → Duke Huan of Qihist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 18Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 19Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 20Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 21Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 22Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 23Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 24Records of the Grand Historian, 刺客列传Records of the Grand Historian, 管晏列传Strategies of the Warring States, 东周Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 12Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
Original text (8)
管仲对曰：“当今诸侯，强于齐者甚众
管仲奏曰
管仲对曰
Original relation: offer plan · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 20
管仲保著桓公
管仲与诸大夫问疾
Original relation: subordinate · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 22
管仲进曰：“君数年以来，救燕存鲁，城邢封卫，恩德加于百姓，大义布于诸侯，若欲用诸侯之兵，此其时矣。
Original relation: offer strategy · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 23
管仲连声曰：“不可，不可！
Original relation: admonish · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 24
管仲从旁进曰
Original relation: admonish · Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 24
- shoot hookGuan Zhong → Duke Huan of Qihist × litRecords of the Grand Historian, 齐太公世家Discourses of the States, 晋语四Strategies of the Warring States, 齐／六Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 16
Original text (3)
Original text (1)
- admonishGuan Zhong → Marquis of QilitCorrect Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 10Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 11
Original text (2)
管敬仲言于齐侯曰
管仲对曰
Original relation: subordinate · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 11
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
齐公得管仲，时以为仲父
Original text (2)
管仲辞曰
管仲受下卿之礼而还
Original relation: 受下卿礼 · Correct Meaning of the Zuo Tradition, ch. 12
Original text (1)
乃大飨管仲，待以上卿之礼
- offer strategyGuan Zhong → Duke Huan of QilitDiscourses of the States, 齐语Strategies of the Warring States, 秦／五
Original text (3)
管子对曰：“昔吾先王昭王、穆王，世法文、武远绩以成名
管子于是制国以为二十一乡
Original relation: 制国 · Discourses of the States, 齐语
桓公用之而伯。
Original relation: assist · Strategies of the Warring States, 秦／五
Original text (2)
君若宥而反之
桓公亲逆之于郊
Original relation: 迎回 · Discourses of the States, 齐语
Original text (1)
桓公曰：“为之若何？”管子对曰
Original text (1)
夫管夷吾射寡人中钩
- recommend← Bao Shuya → Guan Zhonghist × litChronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, ch. 30Records of the Grand Historian, 管晏列传Records of the Grand Historian, 齐太公世家
Original text (3)
仲父之相，叔所荐也。
鲍叔遂进管仲。
鲍叔牙迎受管仲，及堂阜而脱桎梏，斋祓而见桓公
Original relation: recommend · Records of the Grand Historian, 齐太公世家
Original text (1)
Original text (1)
生我者父母，知我者鲍子也。