Is “The novel fictionalizes that Ma Yan was killed by the Wu general Gan Ning after the Battle of Red Cliffs; in official history, after surrendering to Cao Cao, there is no record of his death in battle.” true?

novel invention

In official history, Ma Yan was originally a subordinate of Yuan Shang. When Cao Cao attacked Ye city, 'his generals Ma Yan and Zhang Yi surrendered on the battlefield, and the masses were utterly defeated' (Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Annals of Emperor Wu). After surrendering to Cao Cao, there is no record of his death at the Battle of Red Cliffs. However, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 50, it is fictionalized that during Cao Cao's retreat after the Battle of Red Cliffs, Ma Yan was responsible for escort, and encountered an ambush by Wu forces, where 'Ma Yan was about to engage, but was immediately cut down by Gan Ning's blade.'

Ma Yan

Fictional cause of death

Sources cited above. Compiled with AI assistance and checked against those sources; for cultural reference.Data & method →

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